FSP1, a key ferroptosis suppressor with therapeutic potential

Ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent regulated cell death, is characterized by aberrant iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) acts as a key ferroptosis suppressor, independently of the canonical regulatory pathway, and exerts antioxidant effects by reducing coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) and vitamin K (VK). Growing evidence regarding ferroptosis and FSP1 signaling has been published in recent years. On this basis, this review aims to give an updated and comprehensive description of FSP1, with a focus on its regulatory mechanisms, pathological roles in various diseases, targeted drug development, and therapeutic prospects. This work aims to provide updated, critical and distinctive insights for FSP1-modulating disease intervention, and may provide a basis for developing effective and innovative treatments for cancer and other diseases.