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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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Characterizing Sustained Phonation in Text-To-Speech Models.

Amelie Daum1, Nina Goes1, Andreas M Kist1

  • 1Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nürnberger Str. 74, Erlangen 91052, Bavaria, Germany.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern text-to-speech (TTS) systems can generate sustained phonation (SP), a key voice assessment task. While synthetic voices show acoustic similarities to human speech, subtle differences persist, impacting clinical voice analysis.

Keywords:
Acoustic voice analysisSustained phonationSynthetic voiceText-to-speech

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Area of Science:

  • Speech Science
  • Acoustic Analysis
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Sustained phonation (SP) is crucial for clinical voice assessment, quantifying acoustic features.
  • Text-to-speech (TTS) system evaluation often relies on subjective ratings, not objective acoustic comparison.
  • The ability of TTS to generate clinically relevant voice features is not well-understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate sustained phonation (SP) in contemporary text-to-speech (TTS) systems.
  • To compare acoustic properties of synthetic SP with human voice samples.
  • To assess the clinical relevance of TTS-generated voice features.

Main Methods:

  • Screened multiple TTS models for sustained vowel generation.
  • Detailed analysis of one TTS model (Eleven v3) for phonation duration and prompt length effects.
  • Compared acoustic parameters of synthetic SP with human voice recordings from two cohorts.

Main Results:

  • TTS systems can produce SP, with varying reliability across models.
  • Phonation durations in the analyzed TTS model showed non-normal distributions and were influenced by prompt length.
  • Most acoustic measures of synthetic SP overlapped with human voice ranges, but some systematic differences were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Current TTS models approximate key acoustic characteristics of sustained phonation (SP).
  • Systematic deviations exist between synthetic and human SP, requiring consideration for clinical applications.
  • Further research is needed to refine TTS systems for realistic voice feature generation.