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  1. Home
  3. Semirandom Dna Adducts Regulate A Filamentous Defense-associated Reverse Transcriptase.
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  3. Semirandom Dna Adducts Regulate A Filamentous Defense-associated Reverse Transcriptase.

Related Experiment Video

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Semirandom DNA adducts regulate a filamentous defense-associated reverse transcriptase.

Nolan Neville1, Nicole V Johnson2, Edwin E Escobar1

  • 1New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|June 10, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Defense-associated reverse transcriptases (DRTs) create semirandom DNA for bacteriophage defense. The DRT1 system uses template-free synthesis, forming filaments that inactivate its activity, revealing a novel defense mechanism.

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Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
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Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Published on: February 13, 2019

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
06:24

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Published on: February 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Bacteriophage defense systems utilize non-genomic DNA synthesis for immunity.
  • The mechanisms by which undefined DNA sequences confer antiphage defense remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structure and function of the DRT1 antiphage defense system.
  • To understand how DRT1 synthesizes non-genomic DNA and regulates its activity.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for structural determination.
  • Biochemical assays to characterize DNA synthesis and enzyme activity.
  • Analysis of bacteriophage escape mutants.

Main Results:

  • DRT1 performs template-free, protein-primed DNA synthesis, generating semirandom DNA adducts.
  • DNA synthesis activates the nitrilase domain, and adducts induce quiescent filament formation.
  • Filamentous DRT1 features domain-swapped C termini forming pseudoknots, occluding active sites and causing dormancy.
  • A T4 single-stranded DNA helicase is essential for DRT1 activity.

    • Conclusions:

    • DRT1 functions as a minimal retron, integrating reverse transcriptase, effector, and non-genomic antitoxin DNA production.
    • The self-assembly into dormant filaments is a key regulatory mechanism for DRT1 activity.
    • Understanding DRT1 provides insights into novel bacteriophage defense strategies and DNA synthesis mechanisms.