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Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

Green InGaN LED-based quantum random number generation compatible with silicon avalanche photodiodes.

Ivan Kotov, Heming Lin, Wenqing Niu

    Optics Express
    |June 11, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new quantum random number generator (QRNG) using a green LED, improving spectral matching with silicon detectors. This enhances signal-to-noise ratio and extractable quantum entropy for secure random number generation.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum physics
    • Information security
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) offer enhanced security over classical methods.
    • Existing optical QRNGs using blue LEDs have spectral mismatch issues with silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs).
    • This mismatch limits signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and extractable quantum entropy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a spontaneous emission-based QRNG with improved spectral overlap.
    • To utilize a green InGaN LED coupled to a silicon APD for better performance.
    • To establish longer-wavelength nitride-based LEDs as a viable entropy source for QRNGs.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed a green InGaN LED as the quantum entropy source.
    • Coupled the green LED with a silicon avalanche photodiode (APD).
    • Filtered the signal with a high-pass filter and extracted randomness using the SHAKE256 hash function.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved significantly higher SNR compared to blue LEDs due to improved spectral overlap.
    • Demonstrated a quantum entropy generation rate of 2.78 Gbit/s.
    • Validated the suitability of green LEDs and silicon APDs for QRNG systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Green InGaN LEDs offer superior spectral matching with silicon APDs for QRNG applications.
    • The developed QRNG system provides a high-rate, secure source of random numbers.
    • This approach leverages inexpensive and widely available components for robust quantum random number generation.