Etching-assisted laser surface functionalization process for an anti-glare structure on PV module glass

We report on a rapid manufacturing process for an anti-glare surface for photovoltaic (PV) module glass. Theoretical considerations suggest that surface structures with steep slope angles and sharp ridges at the top are an effective way to scatter reflections and to enhance the transmission, especially at high angles of incidence. Accordingly, the target structure consists of an array of hemispherical valleys arranged in a hexagonal lattice. In order to machine such a structure with optimized processing times, we developed a processing method that uses a hybrid approach combining ultrashort pulsed laser ablation and wet chemical etching. The resulting geometry shows a slope angle distribution with an average of approximately 39°. Optical characterization of the textured glass shows a reduced reflectance across the visible spectrum, which is pronounced at high angles of incidence, compared to an untreated glass surface. In addition, the reflected light is scattered over a wider solid angle, resulting in a reduced glare effect.