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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
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The work...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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Discrete-time Fourier transform01:26

Discrete-time Fourier transform

The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) is an essential mathematical tool for analyzing discrete-time signals, converting them from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation allows for examining the frequency components of discrete signals, providing insights into their spectral characteristics. In the DTFT, the continuous integral used in the continuous-time Fourier transform is replaced by a summation to accommodate the discrete nature of the signal.
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Related Experiment Videos

Field-trial quantum key distribution with qubit-based frame synchronization.

Rui Guan, Jingchun Yu, Zhaoyun Li

    Optics Express
    |June 11, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study demonstrates a quantum key distribution (QKD) system using qubit-based synchronization, eliminating extra hardware. The practical QKD network achieved stable, secure key distribution in a real urban environment.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Cybersecurity
    • Optical Communications

    Background:

    • Practical quantum key distribution (QKD) requires robust, cost-effective systems for real-world deployment.
    • Achieving reliable clock synchronization in QKD systems is challenging without adding hardware complexity or noise.
    • Conventional synchronization methods often rely on separate classical signals, increasing costs and degrading performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a QKD system that integrates qubit-based distributed frame synchronization, eliminating the need for dedicated synchronization hardware.
    • To validate the performance of a QKD system with real-time polarization compensation in a metropolitan fiber network.
    • To assess the stability, secure key rate, and high-loss tolerance of the proposed QKD scheme in an urban environment.

    Main Methods:

    • Implemented a QKD system using the polarization-encoded one-decoy-state BB84 protocol.
    • Integrated a qubit-based distributed frame synchronization method directly with the quantum signal.
    • Incorporated qubit-based polarization feedback control for real-time compensation of dynamic polarization disturbances.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved reliable clock synchronization directly from the quantum signal, removing the need for separate synchronization hardware.
    • Demonstrated stable operation over 12 hours with a low average quantum bit error rate of 1.12 ± 0.48%.
    • Obtained a secure key rate of 26.6 kbit/s under 18 dB channel loss and 115 bit/s under 40 dB channel loss.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully validates a frame-synchronization-based QKD scheme in a real urban setting.
    • The demonstrated system offers an alternative for building practical, scalable, and cost-efficient quantum-secure communication networks.
    • The integration of qubit-based synchronization and polarization control enhances QKD system robustness and high-loss tolerance.