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Related Concept Videos

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
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Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the medium, μ.
Furthermore, the...
Electromagnetic Fields01:30

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Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
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Electromagnetic Waves

James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws of electricity and...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
10:54

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Published on: July 8, 2013

Terahertz vortex radiation source based on Cherenkov wakefields.

Zhenpeng Zhang, Zonglin Mao, Xueer Wang

    Optics Express
    |June 11, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a novel terahertz radiation source that generates narrow-band vortex electromagnetic fields with orbital angular momentum (OAM). This technology enhances terahertz communications and imaging capabilities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Electromagnetism
    • Terahertz Technology

    Background:

    • Vortex electromagnetic fields possess helical wavefronts and orbital angular momentum (OAM), enabling advanced applications in communications and imaging.
    • Traditional Cherenkov radiation sources often suffer from broadband dispersion issues, limiting their spectral purity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel terahertz narrow-band vortex electromagnetic radiation source.
    • To address the broadband dispersion problem in Cherenkov radiation.
    • To enable flexible control over vortex mode order for tailored applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a hollow dielectric cylinder loaded with a metallic helical structure.
    • Exciting Cherenkov wakefields using a sub-picosecond electron bunch.
    • Employing azimuthal modulation by the metallic helical structure to generate vortex fields.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved narrow-band vortex radiation by combining dielectric frequency selectivity and helical structure modulation.
    • Demonstrated efficient conversion of bound wakefields into free-space vortex fields.
    • Showcased flexible tuning of vortex mode order via helix configuration.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed scheme provides a novel narrow-band vortex radiation source with tunable OAM.
    • This technology expands terahertz radiation source capabilities for communications, imaging, and quantum information processing.