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Under-reporting of Childhood Tuberculosis Cases in Indonesia and Associated Factors
Kristina L Tobing1, Dina Bisara Lolong1, Doni Lasut1
1Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.
Objectives:
Indonesia has the second-highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases globally, after India. The estimated TB incidence in Indonesia is 1 090 000 cases (387 cases per 100 000 population), with an associated mortality of 131 000 deaths (47 deaths per 100 000 population). The 2023-2024 TB Inventory Study in Indonesia aimed to quantify the extent of under-reporting by identifying TB cases that were diagnosed and/or treated but not reported to the National TB Surveillance System (Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis [SITB]). This study specifically assessed the magnitude of under-reporting of TB cases among children younger than 15 years in Indonesia.
Methods:
This study used a cross-sectional design and analyzed data from the 2023-2024 TB Inventory Study (SIV-TB) in Indonesia. The sample included all TB cases in children younger than 15 years identified from eligible health facilities. Under-reported cases were defined as those that were diagnosed and/or treated but not reported to the SITB. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize under-reporting. A record-linkage process was performed to compare SIV-TB data with SITB data after deduplication.
Results:
A total of 12 293 TB cases in children younger than 15 years were identified across health facilities in 31 districts and cities. The overall under-reporting rate for childhood TB was 23.5%. The highest under-reporting rate was observed in Eastern Indonesia (28.0%).
Conclusions:
Under-reporting of childhood TB was significantly associated with both age group and type of health facility.
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