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Related Concept Videos

Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance01:39

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

High-Accuracy Correction of 3D Chromatic Shifts in the Age of Super-Resolution Biological Imaging Using Chromagnon
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High-Accuracy Correction of 3D Chromatic Shifts in the Age of Super-Resolution Biological Imaging Using Chromagnon

Published on: June 16, 2020

Toward Chromoselective Transformations in Biological Systems: Perspectives and Challenges.

Nadja A Simeth1,2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Institute For Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling biological systems with light-activated molecules is advancing. New methods enable the independent control of multiple chromophores for complex biological applications.

Keywords:
chemical biologyphotocagesphotochemistryphotoswitches

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Photochemistry
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Small-molecule chromophores offer bioactive properties for biological system control.
  • Current single-wavelength approaches are insufficient for complex in vitro and in vivo systems.
  • Simultaneous, independent control of multiple chromophores is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for chromoselective control of multiple photoswitches, photoclick chemistry, and photocages.
  • To highlight the importance of precise control over light-activated molecules in biological contexts.
  • To discuss future challenges and perspectives in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on chromoselective transformations of small molecules.
  • Reviews existing literature on photoswitches, photoclick chemistry, and photocages.
  • Discusses applications and challenges in biological systems.

Main Results:

  • Multiple strategies for chromoselective control are emerging.
  • Individual control of multiple chromophores within a single system is becoming feasible.
  • The reviewed methods offer precise temporal and spatial control.

Conclusions:

  • Chromoselective control of multiple molecular tools is vital for sophisticated biological engineering.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in applying these methods in vivo.
  • This field holds significant promise for advancing biological research and therapeutics.