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The bias in psychotherapy research evaluation.

L H Cohen, K R Suchy

    Journal of Clinical Psychology
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Psychologists with psychodynamic leanings may exhibit bias against research showing behavior therapy

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Psychotherapy Research

    Background:

    • Evaluating psychotherapy outcomes is crucial for evidence-based practice.
    • Understanding potential biases in clinician evaluations of research is important for scientific integrity.
    • Previous research has explored therapist orientation and its influence on treatment preferences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether clinical psychologists' theoretical orientations influence their evaluation of psychotherapy outcome research.
    • To examine potential biases in psychodynamic, behavioral, and eclectic clinicians when presented with different study results.

    Main Methods:

    • A 3x3x3 factorial design was employed with 204 clinical psychologists.
    • Participants evaluated a bogus psychotherapy outcome experiment with varied outpatient populations and results.
    • Independent variables included patient type, therapy outcome (psychoanalytic vs. behavioral superiority, or equal effectiveness), and psychologist's theoretical orientation.

    Main Results:

    • A significant interaction was found between psychologist orientation and study results.
    • Psychodynamic clinicians showed a bias against outcome research favoring behavior therapy.
    • Behavioral and eclectic clinicians did not exhibit a similar bias.

    Conclusions:

    • Theoretical orientation can significantly influence the appraisal of psychotherapy research.
    • Psychodynamic clinicians may be predisposed to devalue findings that challenge their theoretical framework.
    • This bias highlights the need for critical evaluation of research by all clinicians, regardless of orientation.

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