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Giulia E P Nucci¹, Chiara Vitale², Alessandro di Girolamo¹

¹Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.

|June 11, 2026

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Mild magnetic hyperthermia enhances immune cell uptake of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy. This simple method tags immune cells for tracking, improving adoptive cell therapy potential.

Area of Science:

Immunotherapy
Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Immune cell therapies are effective against hematologic cancers and show promise in solid tumors.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used for imaging and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) to treat cancer.
Current MNP applications in immunotherapy are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate mild MHT as a method to enhance MNP uptake by immune cells.
To assess the impact of MHT-induced MNP uptake on immune cell function and viability.
To evaluate the potential for clinical translation of this MNP-loading technique.

Main Methods:

Utilized mild MHT (38-41°C/60 min) with an alternating magnetic field (AMF).
Tested various iron oxide and zinc-ferrite MNPs for heating and stability.

Keywords:

cell labelling immune cells magnetic hyperthermia magnetic nanoparticles magnetic particle imaging

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Exposed NK-92 cell line and primary NK cells to AMF with MNPs, assessing internalization, viability, receptor expression, and effector functions.

Evaluated MNP-loaded T cells similarly.

Assessed cytotoxic activity of MNP-loaded NK cells against glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines.

Main Results:

Enhanced MNP internalization in NK cells and T cells upon AMF exposure.
No compromise in immune cell viability, receptor expression, or effector functions.
MNP-loaded NK cells maintained cytotoxic activity against cancer targets.
Successful application in both cell lines and primary immune cells.

Conclusions:

Mild MHT is a simple and effective method to increase MNP uptake in immune cells.
This technique preserves immune cell function and enhances their potential for tracking in adoptive cell therapy.
The protocol is suitable for clinical translation and integration into existing cell therapy workflows.