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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

Heterogeneity-based stratification identifies CKMT2 as a prognostic marker in osteosarcoma.

Xuesong Li¹, Guanghao Li², Tianchou Peng³

¹Department of Pediatric Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

|June 11, 2026

Summary

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This study maps osteosarcoma intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), revealing distinct molecular subtypes linked to prognosis. Creatine Kinase Mitochondrial 2 (CKMT2) is identified as a key driver and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Bioinformatics

Background:

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer.
Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in OS contributes to treatment resistance and metastasis.
The molecular drivers and clinical impact of OS ITH are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically map the ITH landscape of osteosarcoma.
To identify molecular subtypes and their clinical relevance.
To discover novel therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

Integrated single-cell and multi-cohort transcriptomic data.
Inferred copy number variation (CNV) to identify malignant cells.
Applied machine learning for prognostic modeling and target identification.

Keywords:

CKMT2 biomarker intratumoral heterogeneity molecular dynamics simulation osteosarcoma prognosis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

Main Results:

Identified ten cell types and five malignant subtypes within OS, stratifying ITH levels.
Discovered two distinct molecular subtypes correlating with prognosis and immune infiltration.
Validated Creatine Kinase Mitochondrial 2 (CKMT2) as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Conclusions:

Osteosarcoma exhibits significant ITH with distinct molecular subtypes impacting clinical outcomes.
CKMT2 plays a crucial role in osteosarcoma progression and represents a viable therapeutic target.