Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
05:33
Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature
Published on: June 19, 2019
Outdoor recreation self-efficacy among campers: an exemplary application
1Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Uşak University, Uşak, Türkiye.
Frontiers in Psychology
|June 11, 2026
Summary
Campers
Area of Science:
- Environmental Psychology
- Recreation and Leisure Studies
- Health and Well-being
Background:
- Modern lifestyles often disconnect individuals from nature, highlighting the importance of outdoor recreation for physical and psychosocial health.
- Camping, a popular outdoor activity, necessitates self-efficacy for safe, conscious, and sustainable engagement.
- Limited research exists on self-efficacy specifically within the camping context.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess self-efficacy levels among campers.
- To explore the relationship between campers' self-efficacy and demographic factors.
- To investigate the influence of physical activity, camping experience, and socioeconomic status on self-efficacy.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 317 volunteer campers.
- Data were collected via face-to-face surveys using the Outdoor Recreation Self-Efficacy Scale.
- Statistical analyses included t-tests, correlation, regression, and ANOVA.
Main Results:
- Male participants reported higher self-efficacy than females.
- University graduates showed higher self-efficacy than high school graduates.
- Regular exercise, increased camping experience, and higher income were positively associated with self-efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Campers' self-efficacy is a multidimensional construct influenced by experience and context.
- Findings support the development of targeted interventions to enhance self-efficacy in outdoor recreation.
- Promoting self-efficacy can lead to safer camping practices and greater psychosocial benefits.
Related Concept Videos
04:49Robbers Cave
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
01:29Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
02:30Naturalistic Observations
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
01:24Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...
01:29Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...