How microrobots should be translated: A clinical and value-centered readiness framework.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Medical Robotics
• Translational Medicine

Background:

• Untethered mobile milli/microrobots show promise for non-invasive medical diagnosis and therapy.
• Despite advancements, most systems remain in laboratory settings, hindering clinical integration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify barriers to clinical translation of milli/microrobots.
• To propose a framework for accelerating the development and adoption of medical milli/microrobots.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of factors limiting the real-world feasibility of milli/microrobots.
• Introduction of a strategic milli/microrobot Technology Readiness Level (mTRL) framework.
• Defining milestones and activities for system development and clinical adoption.

Main Results:

• Key factors slowing the translation of milli/microrobots from laboratory to clinical practice were identified.
• The proposed mTRL framework provides a structured approach to assess technological maturity.
• The mTRL framework facilitates multi-disciplinary collaboration and guides development toward clinical needs.

Conclusions:

• Aligning milli/microrobot development with clinical needs is crucial for long-term impact.
• The mTRL framework offers a common language and actionable guidance for translational research.
• Implementing the mTRL framework can accelerate the development of safer and more efficient medical interventions.