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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
05:51

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Published on: May 3, 2018

Inconsistent associations between central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices in relation to age.

Guiyang Xi1,2, Anni Chen3, Juan Dong4

  • 1Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Arterial stiffness indices, arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure volume index (API), show distinct age-related patterns from childhood to adulthood. Age 10 may mark a key point in vascular maturation, with significant changes observed later in life.

Keywords:
Arterial stiffnessagearterial pressure volume index (API)arterial velocity pulse index (AVI)

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Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
05:51

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Published on: May 3, 2018

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound
10:08

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

Published on: December 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Vascular biology
  • Pediatric and adult health

Background:

  • Limited evidence exists on life-course associations of central and peripheral arterial stiffness with age.
  • Distinct developmental trajectories of arterial stiffness from childhood to adulthood require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize age-associated patterns of arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure volume index (API).
  • To identify differential determinants of AVI and API across pediatric and adult populations.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 13,818 participants (birth to 100 years).
  • Stratification by gender and age groups (<18, 18-44, 45-59, ≥60 years).
  • Multivariable regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models used to identify determinants and age-associated patterns.

Main Results:

  • In children, AVI associated with heart rate (HR); API associated with body mass index (BMI), HR, and pulse pressure (PP).
  • In adults, both AVI and API associated with BMI, HR, PP, and hemoglobin.
  • RCS revealed U-shaped AVI pattern (inflection ~10 years, increase >38 years) and J-shaped API pattern (acceleration <10 and >49 years).

Conclusions:

  • Central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices display unique age-associated patterns throughout life.
  • Age 10 years may represent an inflection point for vascular maturation in childhood.
  • Findings suggest hypothesis-generating insights for vascular risk assessment, pending longitudinal confirmation.