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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

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Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome01:23

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DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility PatternsDisordered...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

Fructose malabsorption associated with functional abdominal bloating: Case-control study.

Arivarasan Kulandaivelu1, Venkatesh Vaithiyam1, Kartik Mehta1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi 110002, Delhi, India.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fructose malabsorption (FM) affects nearly 30% of patients with functional bloating. Female sex is a predictor of FM, suggesting dietary interventions may help manage bloating symptoms.

Keywords:
Fructose intoleranceFructose malabsorptionFunctional bloatingMethane producerSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth

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Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Published on: August 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Health
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Abdominal bloating is a frequent symptom in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).
  • The underlying causes of bloating are not fully understood, but fructose malabsorption (FM) is implicated in FGIDs.
  • Limited research exists on the specific role of FM in functional abdominal bloating.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of FM in individuals experiencing functional bloating.
  • To identify predictors associated with FM in this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 70 patients with functional bloating (Rome III criteria) and 35 healthy controls.
  • Initial screening for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth followed by fructose hydrogen breath test (FHBT) for FM.
  • Measurement of breath hydrogen and methane levels over 3 hours, with positive FM defined by >20 ppm increase.

Main Results:

  • FM was diagnosed in 29% of functional bloating patients versus 3% in controls (P=0.01).
  • Patients with positive FHBT reported symptoms more frequently (76%) than those with negative FHBT (42%; P<0.01).
  • Female sex independently predicted FM (P=0.02); 46% of patients were methane producers.

Conclusions:

  • Over one-fourth of patients with functional bloating exhibit fructose malabsorption.
  • Findings suggest potential benefits of fructose-restricted diets for managing functional bloating.
  • Further multicenter prospective studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of dietary interventions.