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Related Concept Videos

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution01:09

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution

In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and solvents...
Adsorption of Gases on Solids01:28

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
Adsorption Isotherms II01:25

Adsorption Isotherms II

Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...
Adsorption Isotherms I01:29

Adsorption Isotherms I

Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed molecules.Consider the...
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Covalent Organic Frameworks as Next-Generation Adsorbents for Emerging Contaminants.

Minghao Duo1,2, Junchen Wang1,3, Zhaoxue Sun1,2

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) effectively remove heavy metals, organic pollutants, and radioactive iodine from water. This review details their adsorption mechanisms and future directions for water purification applications.

Keywords:
adsorptioncovalent organic frameworkenvironmental governancewater treatment

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Solvothermal Synthesis of MIL-96 and UiO-66-NH2 on Atomic Layer Deposited Metal Oxide Coatings on Fiber Mats
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Solvothermal Synthesis of MIL-96 and UiO-66-NH2 on Atomic Layer Deposited Metal Oxide Coatings on Fiber Mats

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Determining Surface Areas and Pore Volumes of Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Determining Surface Areas and Pore Volumes of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Solvothermal Synthesis of MIL-96 and UiO-66-NH2 on Atomic Layer Deposited Metal Oxide Coatings on Fiber Mats
06:00

Solvothermal Synthesis of MIL-96 and UiO-66-NH2 on Atomic Layer Deposited Metal Oxide Coatings on Fiber Mats

Published on: June 13, 2018

Determining Surface Areas and Pore Volumes of Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:45

Determining Surface Areas and Pore Volumes of Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: March 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Industrial waste discharges are a primary driver of global water pollution.
  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer tunable porosity, stability, and functional sites for water remediation.
  • Existing reviews lack timely updates on COF applications in water purification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the latest advancements in COF applications for adsorbing key water pollutants.
  • To analyze structure-adsorption mechanism relationships for high COF efficiency.
  • To identify challenges and future directions for practical COF implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent developments in COF-based water purification.
  • Analysis of COF performance for heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, and radioactive iodine.
  • Critical examination of structure-property relationships and adsorption mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • COFs demonstrate high efficiency in adsorbing heavy metals (e.g., Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, UO₂²⁺), organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics), and radioactive iodine.
  • Understanding of structure-adsorption mechanisms is crucial for optimizing COF performance.
  • Key challenges include selectivity in complex systems, material generality, and engineering feasibility.

Conclusions:

  • COFs show significant promise for addressing water pollution from industrial waste.
  • Future research should focus on intelligent design, multifunctional integration, enhanced mass transport, and engineering-oriented architectures.
  • Overcoming current challenges is essential for the practical industrial application of COFs in water treatment.