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Knockout of RRS1 Enhances Culm Mechanical Strength and Grain Yield in Rice.

Jie Gao^1,2,3, Yong Zhao^1,4, Zhikun Zhao¹

¹Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilisation (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment

|June 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Robust Root System 1 (RRS1) negatively impacts rice stem strength. Enhancing RRS1 function improves lodging resistance and yield, offering significant value for rice breeding and crop improvement.

Keywords:

culm diameter culm mechanical strength grain yield lodging resistance rice

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Agricultural Science
Genetics

Background:

Lodging, or stem collapse, significantly reduces crop yields in grains like rice (Oryza sativa).
Stem mechanical strength is crucial for lodging resistance, with factors like culm diameter and wall thickness playing key roles.
Understanding the genetic regulation of stem strength is vital for developing improved rice varieties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the R2R3-type MYB transcription factor Robust Root System 1 (RRS1) in regulating rice culm mechanical strength.
To identify the molecular mechanisms by which RRS1 influences culm development and lodging resistance.
To evaluate the potential of RRS1 alleles for improving rice yield and lodging resistance.

Main Methods:

Gene expression analysis to determine RRS1's regulatory targets.
Phenotypic characterization of rice mutants with altered RRS1 activity.
Haplotype analysis of RRS1 and STRONG1 alleles in indica and japonica rice populations.

Main Results:

RRS1 negatively regulates culm mechanical strength by decreasing culm diameter and wall thickness.
RRS1 directly activates STRONG1 expression, affecting cellulose deposition and sclerenchyma cell wall development.
Knocking out RRS1 enhances culm strength, increases yield, and maintains quality.
Elite RRS1 and STRONG1 alleles are associated with larger culm diameter and higher grain yield in both rice subspecies.

Conclusions:

RRS1 is a key negative regulator of rice culm mechanical strength.
The RRS1^Hap5 allele presents a valuable target for enhancing lodging resistance in rice breeding.
A gene aggregation strategy involving elite RRS1 and STRONG1 alleles can simultaneously improve lodging resistance and grain yield, particularly in japonica rice.