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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

α-Halogenation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

α-Halogenation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Unlike aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids do not readily participate in α halogenation reactions via enols or enolate intermediates. However, α-halogenated acids are obtained through other methods. One of the approaches is the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction, wherein the carboxylic acid is treated with halogen in the presence of PBr3. It involves the conversion of acid to acid halide, which exists in equilibrium with its enol form. The enol attacks the electrophilic halogen to produce...

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Solvent-Free Dehydrohalogenative Polycondensation toward Robust Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Fengdong Wang^1,2, Shaochun Wu^1,3, Sa Wang¹

¹College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|June 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel solvent-free method enables scalable synthesis of high-crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using a metal salt eutectic melt. These advanced COFs demonstrate exceptional stability for lithium battery anodes.

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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Green Chemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Scalable synthesis of high-crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via dehydrohalogenative condensation is challenging.
Existing methods often rely on solvothermal processes or lack efficiency for large-scale production.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a green, scalable, and solvent-free synthesis for high-crystalline COFs.
To demonstrate the utility of these COFs in energy storage applications, specifically as lithium battery anodes.

Main Methods:

Utilized a "metal salt eutectic melt" approach for dehydrohalogenative polycondensation.
Employed alkali metal treatment of hydroxyl monomers and benzoic acid to form a self-generating melt.
Conducted solvent-free melt polymerization at reduced temperatures.

Main Results:

Achieved scalable (hundred-gram-scale) synthesis of polyether and polyester COFs with high crystallinity and porosity.
Demonstrated direct formation of COF monoliths with mechanical properties comparable to commercial polymers.
COF anodes exhibited outstanding stability over 10,000 cycles at 20 A g^-1 in lithium batteries.

Conclusions:

The metal salt eutectic melt method offers a green, simple, and scalable route to advanced COFs.
These COFs possess excellent mechanical properties and superior electrochemical stability for energy storage.
This work integrates materials design, green chemistry, and energy technology for sustainable advanced materials.