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Electron Affinity03:07

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The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
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Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
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Beyond Dealumination: Does Fluorine Reshape Zeolitic Acidity?

Lu Song1, Natalia Morlanés1, Edy Abou Hamad2

  • 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mild fluorination of ZSM-5 zeolites enhances acidity and catalytic performance. This study reveals fluorine

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-state Chemistry

Background:

  • Fluoride post-treatment of ZSM-5 zeolites is common in heterogeneous catalysis.
  • Effects are often attributed to dealumination, neglecting fluorine's local chemical influence.
  • Zeolitic acidity and catalytic performance are governed by the local chemical environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of residual fluorine on ZSM-5 acidity and catalytic behavior.
  • Differentiate fluorine's effects from conventional dealumination.
  • Elucidate fluorine's influence at the atomic level.

Main Methods:

  • Mild fluorination of ZSM-5 via hydrothermal treatment with ammonium fluoride (NH4F).
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: 27Al, 19F, 27Si, and 1H MAS NMR.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) 1H double-quantum single-quantum (DQ-SQ) MAS NMR for comparative analysis with silicalite-1.

Main Results:

  • Fluorine incorporation perturbs ZSM-5's acidic properties distinctly from dealumination.
  • Fluorine induces Brønsted acid site (BAS)-like behavior through local polarization.
  • Fluorinated ZSM-5 shows improved catalytic lifetime and aromatic selectivity in methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Residual fluorine significantly alters ZSM-5's local chemical environment and acidity.
  • Fluorine's electronic influence is key to enhanced catalytic performance, beyond dealumination.
  • Fluorinated ZSM-5 offers a promising route for improved heterogeneous catalysis.