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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Closed-Loop Neurotechnologies, Agency and Mental Interference.

Vera Tesink1, Thomas Douglas2, Lisa Forsberg2

  • 1Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

AJOB Neuroscience
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven closed-loop neurotechnologies may pose ethical risks to mental rights. This study examines the user-device relationship to determine if these technologies can infringe on mental autonomy.

Keywords:
Closed-loop neurotechnologyagencyartificial intelligencemental interferencemoral rights

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ethics
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Closed-loop neurotechnologies offer potential treatments for neurological and psychiatric conditions.
  • The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into these devices raises ethical concerns regarding mental interference and user consent.
  • The core ethical question revolves around the potential infringement of users' mental rights by AI-driven neurotechnologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the ethical implications of AI in closed-loop neurotechnologies.
  • To analyze the nature of the agential relationship between human users and these advanced devices.
  • To determine whether AI-driven neurotechnologies can be considered moral agents capable of infringing mental rights.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of moral agency in relation to neurotechnology.
  • Examination of the distinctness of AI-driven neurotechnologies from the human user as a moral agent.
  • Exploration of different agential relationships between users and closed-loop neurotechnologies.

Main Results:

  • The capacity of closed-loop neurotechnologies to infringe mental rights may depend on their status as moral agents.
  • If these technologies are not moral agents or are not separate from the user's moral agency, they may be incapable of infringing mental rights.
  • The user-device agential relationship is crucial for understanding the protection of mental rights.

Conclusions:

  • The ethical concerns surrounding AI in closed-loop neurotechnologies are contingent on the technology's moral agency and its separation from the user.
  • Understanding the agential relationship is key to safeguarding mental rights in the context of neurotechnological advancements.
  • Further philosophical and technical inquiry is needed to establish clear ethical guidelines for AI-driven neurotechnologies.