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Characterization of Anti-Canine PD-1 Antibodies

Colin J Hartman1, Petra Sergent1, Anna Barbara Emilia Zimmermann2,3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 621 Rubin Building-HB7936, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.

Cells
|June 11, 2026
PubMed

Insights

New canine cancer immunotherapies show promise. Anti-canine PD-1 antibodies were engineered and tested, demonstrating safety and tumor control in a small study, offering hope for better canine cancer treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Canine Cancer Research

Background:

  • Canine cancer is a significant cause of death, with limited therapeutic options.
  • Human cancer therapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed treatment outcomes.
  • Exploring similar immunotherapeutic strategies for dogs could improve clinical benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer and characterize mouse and chimeric mouse-canine anti-canine PD-1 (cPD-1) monoclonal antibodies.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of these antibodies in canine cancer patients.
  • To assess the potential of anti-cPD-1 antibodies as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Development of monoclonal antibodies targeting canine PD-1 (cPD-1).
  • Functional characterization of antibody-mediated blockade of the cPD-1/cPD-L1 immune signaling pathway.
  • Proof-of-concept intratumoral therapy in seven companion canine cancer patients using HugPetmab.

Main Results:

  • Engineered anti-cPD-1 antibodies successfully blocked the cPD-1/cPD-L1 interaction.
  • Intratumoral therapy with HugPetmab was safe and well-tolerated in canine patients.
  • Evidence of tumor control was observed in a subset of treated tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-cPD-1 antibodies hold potential as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for canine cancer.
  • HugPetmab demonstrated safety and preliminary efficacy, supporting its further development.
  • This research paves the way for expanded immunotherapeutic options in veterinary oncology.
Keywords:
antibodycancercaninemammary tumorsmast cell tumorspreclinical trialtherapeutic antibodies

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