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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

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Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
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Published on: December 1, 2023

Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Identifies Tissue, Cellular and Splicing Programs Associated with Exercise-Mediated

Jingzhe Xiao1,2, Yuwei Ding3, Songbo Li4

  • 1China Ice Sport College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.

Cells
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise impacts type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk by influencing gene regulation in skeletal muscle and fat tissue. This study identifies shared genetic links and highlights the gene Mau2

Keywords:
diabetesexercisegenome-wide association studyphysical activitysingle cellsingle-cell RNA sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Physical inactivity is a major contributor to type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • The molecular mechanisms connecting exercise, metabolic health, and T2D are not fully understood.
  • Genetic factors play a role in both physical activity response and T2D susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular links between vigorous physical activity, T2D risk, and metabolic improvement.
  • To integrate multi-omics data and experimental models to identify shared genetic and regulatory pathways.
  • To investigate the role of specific genes, such as Mau2, in exercise response and T2D.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for physical activity and T2D (n ≈ 1.95 million).
  • Integration of eQTL/sQTL data with single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.
  • Computational analyses including enrichment, colocalization, and network analyses.
  • Experimental validation in a mouse model of diet-induced diabetes with an exercise intervention.

Main Results:

  • Exercise and T2D-associated genetic variants are jointly enriched in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
  • Fibro-adipogenic progenitors and endothelial cells were prioritized in single-cell analyses.
  • A gene module related to extracellular matrix and collagen in fibro-adipogenic progenitors was associated with both exercise and T2D.
  • The gene Mau2 showed tissue-specific splicing signals and was identified as a shared candidate.
  • Exercise improved glucose homeostasis and muscle structure in diabetic mice, reducing Mau2 intron retention.

Conclusions:

  • A multiscale framework connects exercise-responsive gene regulation to T2D-related tissue remodeling and splicing plasticity.
  • Specific cell types and molecular pathways, including Mau2 splicing, are critical mediators of exercise benefits in T2D.
  • Genetic insights from large-scale studies combined with experimental models provide a comprehensive understanding of exercise and metabolic health.