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Highly Transparent Phase Change Smart Windows Enabled by Refractive-Index-Matched n-Octadecane@SiO2 Microcapsule

Fusen Yang1, Zhixing Zhang1, Yiyu Feng1

  • 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a transparent phase change material (PCM) composite for smart windows. Microencapsulation prevents liquid leakage and maintains high optical transparency, enabling effective temperature regulation for energy savings.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Science
  • Optics

Background:

  • Phase change materials (PCMs) are vital for passive energy saving in buildings, particularly for window applications requiring both thermal regulation and optical transparency.
  • Challenges with traditional PCMs include liquid leakage during phase transition and light scattering, which degrade optical properties and image clarity.
  • Developing PCMs that maintain high transparency and prevent leakage is crucial for advanced smart window technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a highly transparent phase change composite for window applications.
  • To overcome the limitations of liquid leakage and light scattering in PCMs.
  • To achieve effective temperature regulation without compromising optical performance.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
microcapsulephase changethermal managementtransparency

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  • Fabrication of submicron core-shell microcapsules using n-octadecane (core) and silica (shell) via a microencapsulation strategy.
  • Dispersion of microcapsules within a refractive-index-matched polymer matrix to minimize interfacial light scattering.
  • Evaluation of thermal properties (melting enthalpy) and optical performance (transmittance, fluctuation, cycling stability).

    • Main Results:

    • The microencapsulated PCM exhibited a high melting enthalpy of 155.3 J g-1.
    • The composite achieved a visible light transmittance of 83.75% with minimal transmittance fluctuation (~5%) during phase transition.
    • Excellent cycling stability was demonstrated, with only 0.35% optical attenuation after 100 thermal cycles.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel microencapsulation strategy successfully created a transparent phase change composite for smart windows.
    • The composite effectively balances thermal energy storage with high optical transparency and stability.
    • This approach offers a promising solution for energy-efficient smart windows and flexible electronic applications.