A Three-Dimensional Interlocked Heterojunction Photoanode for Sustainable Metal Corrosion Control in Marine...

The development of highly efficient and stable photoanodes is essential for advancing photoelectrochemical cathodic protection towards practical applications. Herein, a novel ternary sulfide heterojunction was engineered through the construction of a three-dimensional interlocked architecture of ZnIn₂S₄ on SnIn₄S₈ nanosheets via a sequential hydrothermal synthesis. This unique three-dimensional interlocked configuration creates an intimate interface and continuous charge transfer highways, effectively addressing the slow electron movement and poor interfacial contact that plague conventional photoelectrodes. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses verified the formation of a Type-II band alignment, which drives the directional migration of photogenerated electrons from ZnIn₂S₄ to SnIn₄S₈ under an intrinsic built-in electric field. Upon coupling with 304 stainless steel, the ZnIn₂S₄/SnIn₄S₃ heterojunction exhibited outstanding photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance. It delivered impressive photocurrent densities of 15.22, 19.76, and 72.27 μA·cm^-2 in 3.5 wt% NaCl, 0.1 M Na₂S₂O₃, and 0.1 M Na₂S/NaOH electrolytes, respectively, along with a prominent 720 mV cathodic potential shift in the Na₂S/NaOH system. Most importantly, its good activity and stability in the scavenger-free 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and natural seawater highlight the strong practical potential of this 3D interlocked photoanode for sustainable marine metal corrosion control. Through a strategic multi-electrolyte assessment, the underlying protection mechanisms were decoupled, revealing that the synergy between the heterojunction-induced charge separation enabled by the three-dimensional interlocked structure and electrolyte-specific hole scavenging is key to the enhanced performance.