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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...

Blood Typing

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Blood Types

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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Modified Blood Collection from Tail Veins of Non-anesthetized Mice with a Vacuum Blood Collection System and Eyeglass Magnifier

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Published on: February 2, 2019

Reworking Blood Typing in Republican China: Medical Practice, Ethnic Knowledge, and Popular Culture, 1918-1948.

¹Institute of Marxism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. 596054038@qq.com.

Journal of the History of Biology

|June 11, 2026

Summary

Knowledge of blood types in China (1918-1948) was actively reshaped by local needs and culture, not just imported from the West. Chinese researchers used blood groups to define national identity and popular science integrated with existing beliefs.

Keywords:

Biomedical localization Blood type Identity construction Medical modernization Population research

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Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Modified Blood Collection from Tail Veins of Non-anesthetized Mice with a Vacuum Blood Collection System and Eyeglass Magnifier

Modified Blood Collection from Tail Veins of Non-anesthetized Mice with a Vacuum Blood Collection System and Eyeglass Magnifier

Published on: February 2, 2019

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Published on: February 9, 2022

Area of Science:

History of Science
Medical History
Sociology of Science

Background:

Modern medical knowledge, including blood typing, was introduced to China during the Republican era.
The adoption and adaptation of Western scientific concepts in non-Western contexts present a complex dynamic.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the localization of blood-type knowledge in China between 1918 and 1948.
To investigate how local medical needs, nationalist discourse, and cultural frameworks influenced the reception of blood-type knowledge.
To understand the broader implications for scientific modernity in Republican China.

Main Methods:

Historical analysis of scientific literature, medical records, and popular science publications.
Examination of institutional capacity and state reach in implementing new medical technologies.
Study of blood-group distribution research and its role in constructing national identity.
Analysis of the circulation of blood-type temperament theory and its connection to vernacular practices.

Main Results:

Blood typing was adopted for transfusion medicine but faced limitations due to institutional constraints.
Blood-group studies were utilized to construct a biological narrative of the Chinese nation, emphasizing mixture over purity.
Blood-type temperament theory gained traction as popular science, merging with existing cultural beliefs like physiognomy.

Conclusions:

The implementation of blood-type knowledge in China was an active process of reconstruction, not passive reception.
Scientific modernity in Republican China was shaped by negotiations between imported knowledge and local contexts.
This case study highlights the interplay of medicine, nationalism, and culture in the development of science within China.