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LC-MS/MS Method for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Analysis in Food Products, First Action 2025.10.

Xanthippe Theurillat1, Claudia Mujahid1, Bjorn Eriksen1

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Journal of AOAC International
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Summary

A new method accurately quantifies 57 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in various foods. This validated LC-MS/MS technique meets AOAC standards, aiding in detecting potential PFAS contamination sources.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic compounds found globally in food, water, and humans.
  • The EU has set limits for specific PFAS in various food products, necessitating reliable analytical methods.
  • PFAS's persistence and widespread use highlight the need for comprehensive monitoring in the food chain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and validate a quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determining 57 PFAS in diverse food matrices.
  • To meet or exceed the performance requirements outlined in AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) 2023.003.
  • To provide a method capable of quantifying analytes relevant to EU regulations and emerging research interests.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction using acetonitrile/water, followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) for 55 PFAS.
  • Quantification via LC-MS/MS using isotopic dilution for most analytes and standard addition for Capstone A & B.
  • Confirmation of single-transition analytes using LC-HRMS.

Main Results:

  • The method demonstrated successful single-laboratory validation across nine food matrices, generally meeting AOAC SMPR 2023.003 criteria.
  • Achieved low limit quantification (LOQ) in the ng/kg range with typical recoveries between 70-120%.
  • Demonstrated broad applicability by analyzing an additional 27 food matrices.

Conclusions:

  • The validated LC-MS/MS method offers a comprehensive approach for analyzing 57 PFAS in a wide array of food types.
  • The method meets stringent AOAC performance requirements and is approved as AOAC Official Method 2025.10.
  • This validated method supports routine monitoring and aids in identifying emerging PFAS contamination sources.