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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
Published on: May 17, 2014
Cell size-dependent mRNA transcription drives proteome remodeling
Dong Shin You1, Christopher H Bohrer2, Purva H Rumde3
1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
None:
Increasing cell size drives proteomic changes that impact cell physiology. However, the molecular basis of size-dependent proteome remodeling has remained unclear. Here, we develop an inducible Cyclin D1 expression system in human cells to generate proliferating cells spanning over a 2-fold size range. We use this system to make comprehensive genome-wide measurements of mRNA and protein concentrations and stability. We find that protein and mRNA turnover rates are weakly related to cell size but that mRNA concentrations are strongly size-dependent. This establishes that transcriptional regulation is the basis of proteome remodeling. Live-cell imaging of nascent mRNAs using the MS2 system is used to measure how transcriptional dynamics change with cell size. Larger cells prolong transcriptional bursts but maintain similar burst amplitudes to achieve transcriptional scaling. Together, our results show how transcription is modulated by cell size to remodel the proteome and alter cell physiology.
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