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Hierarchy of Motor Control

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
07:48

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Gaze dynamics prior to navigation support hierarchical planning.

Jeremy Gordon1, John Chuang1, Giovanni Pezzulo2

  • 1School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.

Plos One
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Planning in uncertain environments involves breaking tasks into subgoals. This study found that gaze dynamics reveal a hierarchical search process, shifting from broad to narrow as plans form, with success depending on map complexity and individual skill.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
07:48

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Planning in uncertain environments presents challenges due to massive state spaces.
  • Decomposing tasks into subgoals is a potential strategy, but subgoal identification and selection remain poorly understood.
  • Embodied cognition suggests physical actions and perception are integral to cognitive processes like planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how individuals identify, perceive, and select subgoals for planning under uncertainty.
  • To explore the role of visual search dynamics during the pre-navigation planning phase.
  • To correlate gaze patterns with planning strategies and task success.

Main Methods:

  • A virtual-reality based behavioral experiment was conducted.
  • Eye movements were recorded during a pre-navigation planning phase to capture gaze dynamics.
  • Infographical map analysis was used to characterize map complexity.

Main Results:

  • Gaze dynamics revealed a hierarchical search process characterized by decreasing gaze distance from origin and a shift from broad to narrow search (reduced saccade distances, longer fixations).
  • Visual attention was strongly predicted by critical landscape connectivity tiles.
  • Deeper planning correlated with success only on more complex maps.

Conclusions:

  • Embodied visual search plays a crucial role in planning under uncertainty.
  • Successful planning relies on skill-dependent subgoal selection and hierarchical decomposition.
  • Gaze dynamics provide insights into the cognitive processes underlying planning and decision-making.