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Engineered lymphatic stroma model applications in central nervous system leukemia.

Jennifer H Hammel1,2, Hailey E Murphy1, Khadijat O Oyediran1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

Integrative Biology : Quantitative Biosciences From Nano to Macro
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used engineered models to study how acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells interact with the central nervous system (CNS) meninges and lymph nodes. This research explores leukemia cell migration and growth within these critical microenvironments, aiming to improve understanding of CNS relapse.

Keywords:
acute lymphoblastic leukemiacancer cell migrationcentral nervous systemlymph nodelymphaticsmeningeal

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is common in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet mechanisms of CNS access and persistence remain unclear.
  • Meningeal lymphatic vessels in the dura mater drain cerebrospinal fluid to deep cervical lymph nodes, presenting a potential route for leukemia cell trafficking.
  • Understanding leukemia cell interactions within the meninges and lymph nodes is crucial for addressing CNS metastasis and relapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how leukemia cells interact with engineered models of meningeal lymphatics and lymph node stroma.
  • To determine the influence of meningeal and lymph node microenvironments on leukemia cell growth and migration.
  • To explore the potential of engineered lymphatic models for studying CNS leukemia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tissue-engineered in vitro models of meningeal lymphatics and lymph node stroma.
  • Assessed the impact of standard-of-care chemotherapeutics on meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells.
  • Analyzed the effects of soluble factors and flow conditions on leukemia cell growth and migration through the engineered models.

Main Results:

  • Standard chemotherapeutics were found to perturb meningeal lymphatics.
  • Soluble factors from meningeal lymphatics showed a modest increase in leukemia cell growth.
  • Soluble factors from lymph node models significantly promoted leukemia cell migration, which occurred under both static and flow conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered lymphatic models provide a feasible platform for studying leukemia cell behavior in the CNS.
  • This research offers mechanistic insights into the meningeal-lymph node axis in CNS leukemia relapse.
  • The findings contribute to expanding experimental tools for understanding CNS metastasis and improving treatment strategies.