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Related Concept Videos

Role of Septins01:02

Role of Septins

Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
Cellular Functions of Septins
Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of septins in various cellular processes such as cytokinesis, ciliogenesis, and neurogenesis. Septins act as scaffolds and...
Septins01:19

Septins

Septins are protein filaments forming the cytoskeleton along with the microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and other accessory proteins. In 1971 while studying the cell division cycle in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harwell et al. first identified the septin-related genes playing a crucial role in yeast cytokinesis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these proteins localize at the budding neck as rings. These ring-like proteins were then named Septins by John Pringle, and...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However, invadopodia can...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Bottom-Up In Vitro Methods to Assay the Ultrastructural Organization, Membrane Reshaping, and Curvature Sensitivity Behavior of Septins
09:09

Bottom-Up In Vitro Methods to Assay the Ultrastructural Organization, Membrane Reshaping, and Curvature Sensitivity Behavior of Septins

Published on: August 17, 2022

Septins regulate kinase-inhibitor induced micron-scale vacuolation.

Khushboo Sharma1, Himanshi Sharma1, Janki Insan1

  • 1Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.

Experimental Cell Research
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Septin inhibitor Forchlorfenuron (FCF) was identified as a novel modulator of micron-scale vacuolation, a process linked to endosomal pathways. FCF suppresses vacuole formation and resolution, suggesting septins play a key role in endosome maturation.

Keywords:
EndosomeKinase inhibitorRAB7SB202190SeptinVacuoles

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Bottom-Up In Vitro Methods to Assay the Ultrastructural Organization, Membrane Reshaping, and Curvature Sensitivity Behavior of Septins
09:09

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Published on: August 17, 2022

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Pharmacology

Background:

  • Kinase inhibitors targeting pathways like p38 MAPK and PIKFYVE can induce endosomal swelling and micron-scale vacuolation.
  • The precise mechanisms and cellular components involved in this vacuolation process are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify small molecule modulators of kinase inhibitor-induced micron-scale vacuolation.
  • To elucidate the role of septins in the formation and resolution of these vacuoles.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a small molecule screen to identify vacuolation inhibitors.
  • Utilized shRNA to deplete specific septin proteins (SEPT9, SEPT7).
  • Characterized vacuole morphology and localization using immunofluorescence microscopy (RAB7, CD63).

Main Results:

  • Identified Forchlorfenuron (FCF), a septin inhibitor, as a potent suppressor of vacuolation induced by various kinase inhibitors.
  • SEPT9 depletion abrogated kinase inhibitor-induced vacuolation, while SEPT7 depletion had no effect.
  • FCF treatment led to the loss of RAB7+ late endosomes and suppressed vacuole resolution, independent of autophagy pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Septins, particularly SEPT9, play a critical role in regulating micron-scale vacuolation, likely through their involvement in endosome maturation.
  • FCF represents a novel tool for studying endosomal dynamics and the function of septins in cellular processes.
  • Septin involvement may contribute to the cell-type specific nature of micron-scale vacuolation.