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Mindfulness Intervention Reduced Executive Dysfunction, Delay Aversion, and ADHD Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled
Man Ying Kang1, Yves Cho Ho Cheung2, Daniel Fu Keung Wong2
1The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Behavior Therapy
|June 11, 2026
Summary
Mindfulness-based interventions improve adult ADHD symptoms by increasing trait mindfulness (TM) and reducing executive dysfunction (EDF). These changes sequentially mediate symptom reduction, highlighting TM and EDF as key therapeutic mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often linked to executive dysfunction (EDF) and delay aversion (DEL).
- Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) show promise for managing ADHD symptoms.
- Understanding the mechanisms through which MBIs impact ADHD is crucial for optimizing treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the mediating roles of trait mindfulness (TM), EDF, and DEL in the effectiveness of MBIs for adult ADHD.
- To develop and test a pathway model illustrating these relationships.
Main Methods:
- 120 adults with ADHD symptoms were randomized into an 8-week MBI group or a waitlist control group.
- Assessments included ADHD symptoms, EDF, DEL, and TM.
- Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the pathway model.
Main Results:
- The MBI group showed significant reductions in EDF, DEL, and ADHD symptoms, alongside increased TM, compared to the control group.
- Changes in TM and EDF sequentially mediated the MBI's effect on ADHD symptom reduction.
- Increased TM mediated MBI's impact on DEL reduction, but DEL reduction did not significantly predict ADHD symptom reduction when EDF and TM were accounted for.
Conclusions:
- Improvements in TM and subsequent improvements in EDF are significant therapeutic mechanisms of MBIs for adult ADHD.
- While TM influences DEL reduction, its primary pathway to reducing ADHD symptoms appears to be through enhancing EDF.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
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