Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urethra01:16

Urethra

The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male urethra is...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing the concordance between ChatGPT-4 and EAU guidelines indications in bladder cancer management: a real-world study.

Minerva urology and nephrology·2026
Same author

Contemporary Practices in the Assessment and Management of Climacturia: Results from an International Survey.

European urology open science·2026
Same author

Performance of artificial intelligence chatbots compared with young academic urologists in reconstructive urology.

The French journal of urology·2026
Same author

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Surgical Reconstruction for Bladder Neck and Vesicourethral Anastomotic Stenosis: The Case for Etiology-specific Definitions and Reporting.

European urology focus·2026
Same author

Redefining clinical success in minimally invasive surgery for BPH: A composite endpoint integrating ejaculatory function, urinary improvement, and safety metrics.

Urologia·2026
Same author

Intermediate clinical endpoints as surrogates for overall survival after salvage prostatectomy.

BJU international·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis
03:55

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Urethral Complications After Masculinizing Genital Gender-affirming Surgery.

Marjan Waterloos1, Malte W Vetterlein2, Andrea Cocci3

  • 1Department of Urology, AZ Maria Middelares Gent, Ghent, Belgium.

European Urology Focus
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Masculinizing genital gender-affirming surgery involves risks. Urethral lengthening procedures increase complication risks like fistulas and strictures compared to those without. Discussing goals and risks with surgeons is crucial for informed decisions.

Keywords:
FistulaMasculinizing gender-affirming surgeryUrethral complicationsUrethral stricture

More Related Videos

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
03:25

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Published on: June 16, 2022

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis
03:55

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
03:25

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Published on: June 16, 2022

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gender-affirming care
  • Surgical outcomes

Background:

  • Masculinizing genital gender-affirming surgery encompasses metoidioplasty and phalloplasty.
  • Neourethra construction is a key factor in postoperative morbidity, with fistulas and strictures being common complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze complication rates associated with masculinizing genital gender-affirming surgery.
  • To identify factors influencing postoperative morbidity, particularly concerning neourethra construction.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of reported complication rates from metoidioplasty and phalloplasty procedures.
  • Analysis of surgical techniques, including urethral lengthening and staging, and their impact on outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Urethral lengthening is consistently linked to higher complication rates.
  • Procedures without urethral lengthening show lower morbidity, with comparable patient-reported outcomes.
  • Evidence on the influence of reconstruction staging and vaginectomy remains inconclusive.

Conclusions:

  • Shared decision-making and thorough preoperative counseling are essential for managing patient expectations regarding surgical goals and complication risks.
  • Balancing the desire for standing micturition with the increased risk of urethral complications is critical.