Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow box)...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual-branch wavelet diffusion for single-pixel imaging.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Atmospheric microplastics amplify sulfate formation via heterogeneous SO<sub>2</sub> oxidation.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

SEMA6A inhibits tumor progression and boosts anti-tumor immunity via blocking the ISG15/TGFβ axis in colorectal cancer.

Molecular biomedicine·2026
Same author

Multifunctional Monovalent Copper-Doped Carbon Dots for Synergistic Antibacterial-Antitumor Therapy.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Ursolic acid inhibits the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by suppressing the hippo/YAP signaling pathway.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026
Same author

DOTAP-Engineered Lipid Nanoparticles Enable Fibroblast-Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery for HSP47 Silencing and Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription
07:18

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Published on: July 26, 2019

Structure-based prokaryotic transcription shapes adaptation and host-invader interplay.

Siying Huang1, Dongchang Sun1

  • 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.

Trends in Microbiology
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Prokaryotes dynamically regulate gene expression using transcription factors and nucleoid-associated proteins that remodel DNA. This review explores structural insights into these mechanisms, crucial for bacterial adaptation and phage interactions.

Keywords:
chromosome conformationnucleoid-associated proteinsigma factortranscription factor

More Related Videos

Essential Components of Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi In Vitro Transcription Assays
07:15

Essential Components of Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi In Vitro Transcription Assays

Published on: July 22, 2022

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria
07:02

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

Published on: June 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription
07:18

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Published on: July 26, 2019

Essential Components of Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi In Vitro Transcription Assays
07:15

Essential Components of Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi In Vitro Transcription Assays

Published on: July 22, 2022

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria
07:02

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

Published on: June 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Prokaryotic gene regulation relies on dynamic interactions between transcription machinery and the nucleoid.
  • Environmental changes necessitate reprogramming of RNA polymerase (RNAP) using sigma (σ) factors and transcription factors (TFs).
  • Bacteriophages hijack host gene expression by exploiting these regulatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent structural insights into transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes.
  • To highlight the role of TFs and nucleoid-associated proteins in DNA remodeling.
  • To connect these mechanisms to prokaryotic adaptation and host-phage interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of transcription machinery and DNA-protein complexes.
  • Review of recent literature on prokaryotic gene regulation.
  • Integration of structural data with functional studies.

Main Results:

  • TFs and nucleoid-associated proteins act as "architects" remodeling DNA structure.
  • A blurred distinction exists between site-specific regulators and global genome organizers.
  • Perturbing transcriptional architecture has profound biological impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA remodeling is key to prokaryotic gene regulation.
  • These mechanisms are central to bacterial stress responses and host-pathogen dynamics.
  • Structural insights provide a deeper understanding of transcriptional control.