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Risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in Ghana: a prospective cohort study
Joyce Evelyn Ansah1, Daniel Apaak1, Thomas Hormenu2,3
1Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Scientific Reports
|June 11, 2026
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 7.2% of pregnant women in Ghana. Key risk factors include advanced maternal age, family history of diabetes, and prior GDM diagnosis, necessitating targeted public health interventions.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Public Health
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing global health concern, particularly in Africa.
- It contributes to adverse maternal and birth outcomes, increasing healthcare costs.
- Identifying risk factors is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of GDM among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in Ghana.
- To identify specific risk factors associated with GDM development in this population.
Main Methods:
- A prospective cohort study involving 1,577 pregnant women was conducted.
- Data were collected using an adapted questionnaire.
- Statistical analysis included binary logistic regression, frequencies, and percentages.
Main Results:
- The incidence of GDM was found to be 7.2% in the Central Region of Ghana.
- Significant risk factors included maternal age 41 years and above (AOR=34.659), family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (AOR=3.366), and previous GDM history (AOR=89.565).
- Higher income categories also showed a significant association with GDM risk.
Conclusions:
- GDM incidence is notably high in the Central Region of Ghana.
- Increasing maternal age, family history of DM, and prior GDM are significant predictors.
- Enhanced pre- and post-conception education and improved assessment resources are recommended for the Ghana Health Service (GHS) to mitigate complications.
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