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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis
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A new Li/Mg paleothermometer from pteropod shells.

N Keul1, D Garbe-Schönberg2, V Kitidis3

  • 1Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str.10, 24118, Kiel, Germany. nina.keul@ifg.uni-kiel.de.

Scientific Reports
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pteropod shells, specifically Heliconoides inflatus, can now be used to reconstruct past ocean temperatures using Li/Mg thermometry. This new method provides precise paleotemperature data, enhancing paleoceanographic studies.

Keywords:
Heliconoides inflatusAtlantic OceanPaleoceanographyPaleothermometryProxy developmentTrace elemental composition

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoceanography
  • Marine geochemistry
  • Micropaleontology

Background:

  • Pteropods are valuable paleoceanographic archives but are underexplored.
  • Previous studies suggested Heliconoides inflatus calcifies in shallow waters, indicating potential for surface-ocean records.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the applicability of Li/Mg thermometry in pteropod shells for paleotemperature reconstruction.
  • To establish a robust relationship between Li/Mg ratios in H. inflatus shells and ambient temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Li/Mg thermometry applied to H. inflatus shells collected across a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Analysis of shell carbon and oxygen isotopic composition.
  • Correlation of Li/Mg ratios with surface-water temperature data.

Main Results:

  • H. inflatus shells reliably record upper-water temperature conditions.
  • Li/Mg ratios show an exponential decrease with increasing temperature.
  • Temperature reconstructions achieved with an average precision of ±1-2 °C.
  • Seasonal temperature variability is captured within different shell sections.

Conclusions:

  • Li/Mg thermometry in pteropods is a viable new tool for paleoceanography.
  • H. inflatus is a suitable species for paleo-surface temperature reconstructions due to its global distribution and abundance.
  • Pteropod shells can provide both annual and seasonal paleotemperature data.