Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects
Published on: May 31, 2024
Chloramphenicol Application Onto the Eyelid: Transfersomes for Enhanced Skin Delivery
Larysa Grygor'yeva1, Manuela Colla Carvalheiro2, Joana Marto2
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal.
Abstract:
The aim of the study was to prepare chloramphenicol (CAM)-loaded transfersomes to enhance drug permeability following topical administration, considering the final goal of treating conjunctivitis by applying the formulation onto the eyelid. The CAM-loaded transfersomes obtained have an average particle size of approximately 120 nm, are monodispersed with polydispersity index < 0.1, and exhibit high encapsulation efficiency (84 ± 5.5%). The formulation showed vesicle deformability, good biocompatibility and enhanced skin permeation compared to a conventional ophthalmic formulation of the antibiotic. The optimized drug-loaded nanosystem was subsequently jellified and the fluid gel obtained presented rheological behaviour adequate for application onto the eyelid. The formulation showed physical and chemical stability after 3 months storage. Therefore, eyelid administration of CAM-loaded transfersomes could be considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Related Concept Videos
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics
Reversible agents containing quaternary amines, such as neostigmine and edrophonium, are not easily absorbed orally because they are...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

