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Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

The Oral Microbiota

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern

Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health Perception Patterns
Health perception patterns offer valuable insights into a patient's lifestyle habits and how they may impact their GI health. These patterns include:

Oral Cavity

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis-Oral Health Perceptions Around Diagnosis and the Early Disease Course: A

Nadine Isabel Bhagwandas¹, Lotte Arwen van de Stadt², Johanna Margaretha Kroese¹

¹Department of Oral Public Health, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology

|June 12, 2026

Summary

Dutch adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience significant oral health challenges during diagnosis and early disease. Patient-centered research is needed to improve information delivery and support for oral hygiene and dental care.

Keywords:

diagnostic process early disease course oral health patient perception phenomenology qualitative methods rheumatoid arthritis

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Published on: October 6, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

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Published on: February 2, 2020

Erosion Identification in Metacarpophalangeal Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis using High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

Erosion Identification in Metacarpophalangeal Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis using High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Oral Health
Patient Experience

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) significantly impacts patients' lives, extending beyond joint pain to affect overall well-being.
Understanding the patient perspective on oral health during the early stages of RA is crucial for integrated care.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore Dutch adults' perceptions of oral health during the diagnosis and early course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
To identify key areas for future patient-centered research in RA and oral health.

Main Methods:

A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted with 11 Dutch adults diagnosed with RA within the last five years.
Semi-structured interviews were performed by an interviewer with lived RA experience, followed by inductive thematic analysis.

Main Results:

Five themes emerged: symptom-related lifestyle adjustments, emotional burden of diagnosis, varied healthcare professional relationships, fluctuating oral hygiene ability, and a lack of tailored RA-oral health information.
Participants desired clear guidance from clinicians and had low awareness of RA-specific oral health risks like temporomandibular joint involvement.

Conclusions:

Perceptions highlight five patient-centered research areas: optimal RA-oral health information delivery, educational gaps for professionals, ergonomic toothbrush design, socioeconomic barriers to dental care, and TMJ screening tools.
Findings can inform the development of patient-centered dental guidelines for individuals with RA.