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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Non-Destructive Early Sex Identification of Embryonated Quail Eggs Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Qian Yan1, Zesheng Wang1, Zhoushi Tan1

  • 1College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new Raman spectroscopy method for early quail embryo sex identification, addressing animal welfare and resource waste in poultry farming. The technique achieves high accuracy, paving the way for automated sex sorting systems.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Routine culling of male chicks poses significant animal welfare and resource waste issues in the global poultry industry.
  • A lack of non-destructive, early sex identification methods for embryonated quail eggs represents a critical research gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel, non-destructive method for sexing quail embryos on incubation day 5.
  • To provide technical support for automated pre-hatching sex sorting systems in poultry farming.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Raman spectroscopy-based method for quail embryo sexing.
  • Implementation of an innovative
  • shell perforation without inner membrane damage
  • sampling strategy.
Keywords:
GA-ELM modelRaman spectroscopyembryonated quail eggsnon-destructive testingsex identification

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  • Optimization of a Gaussian-Assisted-CARS-Extreme Learning Machine (GA-CARS-ELM) model for sex identification.

    • Main Results:

    • The optimized GA-CARS-ELM model achieved 80.95% accuracy on an independent test set.
    • The method demonstrated a fast single-sample model inference time of 0.39 ms.
    • Total per-egg processing time under manual operation was 5.3 ± 0.5 minutes, outperforming existing machine and deep learning algorithms.

    Conclusions:

    • This study successfully fills the research gap in early, non-destructive quail embryo sex identification.
    • The developed Raman spectroscopy method offers a viable solution for improving animal welfare and reducing resource waste in poultry farming.
    • The findings provide crucial technical support for the development of automated pre-hatching sex sorting systems.