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Shared Mechanism, Distinct Outcomes: Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differential Modulation of Metabolic and

Gabriel Colissi-Martins1, Fernanda Mocellin Conte2,3, Marcelo Dutra Arbo2,3

  • 1Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonicotinoid insecticides like clothianidin and thiacloprid disrupt cellular processes, altering gene expression related to metabolism, mitochondria, and neurodegeneration. Their distinct molecular effects necessitate compound-specific toxicological assessments.

Keywords:
clothianidinneonicotinoidspesticidesthiaclopridtoxicologytranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Neonicotinoids are globally prevalent insecticides.
  • Exposure is linked to metabolic disturbances, DNA damage, endocrine disruption, and liver dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene expression changes induced by clothianidin and thiacloprid using transcriptomic analysis.
  • To understand the molecular responses to individual and combined neonicotinoid exposures.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic analysis (RNA sequencing) was employed.
  • Gene expression profiles were analyzed following exposure to clothianidin and thiacloprid.

Main Results:

  • Distinct transcriptional signatures were observed for clothianidin and thiacloprid.
  • Upregulated genes were associated with mitochondrial regulation, neuronal signaling, and neurodegeneration.
  • Downregulated genes were linked to core metabolic processes, xenobiotic detoxification, immune response, cell proliferation, and adhesion.
  • Compound-specific profiles and differing responses to combined exposure were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Neonicotinoids induce divergent molecular responses.
  • Clothianidin and thiacloprid elicit unique transcriptional profiles despite a shared mechanism of action.
  • Compound-specific toxicological assessment is crucial for non-target species.