Theranostic Nanoparticles Based on a Silicon Dioxide Core, a Mercapto Spacer, a Cardioprotector, and a Fluorescent...

A method for synthesizing theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) based on a silica core, a mercapto spacer, a cardioprotector, and a fluorescent dye has been developed. The total amount of grafted mercapto groups was 0.079 mmol/g. The amount of accessible mercapto groups on the surface of the synthesized particles, calculated using the Kunkel, Buckley, and Gorin method, was 0.025 mmol/g. A total of 0.031 mmol/g of adenosine and 0.0087 mmol/g of indocyanine green are grafted onto the mercapto spacer. Both substances are presumably attached via hydrogen bonding to the modified silica nanoparticle in a ratio of 60/40% for adenosine and indocyanine green, respectively. The resulting nanoparticles exhibit no hemolytic activity. Intensive adenosine release occurs within 90 min and continues for up to 24 h. Based on biodistribution, significant accumulation of the nanoparticles occurs in the liver.