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Related Concept Videos

Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
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Developmental Morphokinetics and the Transcriptomic Profile of Bovine First-Cleaved Embryos: Normal vs. Abnormal

Ariel Michaelov1, Dorit Kalo1, Moran Gershoni2

  • 1Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Early embryonic cleavage patterns in cows impact developmental competence. Abnormal cleavage, like reverse or unequal cell division, is linked to altered gene expression and reduced blastocyst development, potentially explaining early embryonic loss.

Keywords:
abnormal cleavagesbovineembryo morphokinetictranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Embryology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Early embryonic loss negatively impacts conception rates in lactating cows.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving early embryonic loss remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding early embryonic development is crucial for improving bovine reproductive efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between early embryonic morphokinetics and developmental competence in vitro.
  • To identify transcriptomic differences in bovine embryos exhibiting abnormal cleavage patterns.
  • To explore the potential role of gene expression in early embryonic loss.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro production of bovine embryos.
  • Time-lapse microscopy for monitoring embryonic morphokinetics over 190 hours.
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of individually collected first-cleaved embryos.

Main Results:

  • Embryos with abnormal cleavage (reverse, direct, unequal) had lower blastocyst development rates compared to normally cleaved embryos.
  • Significant differential gene expression (672 genes) was observed between normally and abnormally cleaved embryos.
  • Abnormally cleaved embryos showed altered pathways related to energy production, metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Conclusions:

  • Embryonic morphokinetic patterns during early cleavage are indicative of developmental competence.
  • Differential gene expression profiles in abnormally cleaved embryos may contribute to early embryonic loss mechanisms.
  • Morphokinetic analysis combined with transcriptomics offers insights into bovine embryonic viability.