Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea
Published on: December 23, 2022
Potential Roles of Prostaglandins PGD2, PGJ2, and PGE2 in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Abstract:
Prostaglandins (PGs) are eicosanoid compounds with various hormone-like effects within the human body. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2, a metabolite of PGD2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are common prostaglandins. They are produced from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase isoenzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) and PG synthases and are involved in many biological metabolisms, including the inflammatory response. Recent studies show PGs are mediators for both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammation caused by autoimmunity damages tissues, leading to organ diseases such as lupus nephritis and lupus myocarditis. However, the roles of different types of PGs in the pathogenesis of SLE remain unclear. In this review, we discuss three types of PGs-PGD2, PGJ2, and PGE2-for their potential roles in SLE pathogenesis.
Related Concept Videos
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
