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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Production of Recombinant PRMT Proteins using the Baculovirus Expression Vector System
08:57

Production of Recombinant PRMT Proteins using the Baculovirus Expression Vector System

Published on: July 17, 2021

Immunogenicity Analysis of PCV3 Capsid Highly Expressed Using Baculovirus.

Baoge Zhang1, Lumen Chao1, Yuchen Cai1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) capsid protein (Cap) successfully assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs). These PCV3 Cap VLPs induced robust immune responses in mice and showed protective potential in pigs, supporting subunit vaccine development.

Keywords:
CapPCV3VLPsbaculovirus expression systemimmunogenicity

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging swine pathogen.
  • The PCV3 capsid protein (Cap) is crucial for immunological studies and vaccine design.
  • Developing effective PCV3 vaccines is essential for swine health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the expression of PCV3 Cap protein using baculovirus expression systems.
  • To characterize the assembled PCV3 Cap virus-like particles (VLPs).
  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective potential of PCV3 Cap VLPs in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and optimization of baculovirus transfer plasmids for PCV3 Cap expression.
  • Confirmation of Cap expression via Western blot, IPMA, and IFA.
  • Purification of PCV3 Cap VLPs using ultracentrifugation and chromatography.
  • Immunization of mice with VLPs and assessment of humoral and cellular immune responses.
  • Evaluation of VLP efficacy in a pig challenge model.

Main Results:

  • The pOET1.1-based baculovirus transfer plasmid yielded the highest Cap expression.
  • Optimized baculovirus amplification and Cap production conditions were established.
  • Purified PCV3 Cap VLPs were characterized as spherical particles (17-20 nm).
  • VLP immunization in mice induced significant antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and upregulated cytokine mRNA (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10).
  • Pig challenge data indicated protective potential of PCV3 Cap VLPs.

Conclusions:

  • PCV3 Cap protein can self-assemble into immunogenic VLPs.
  • PCV3 Cap VLPs effectively induce humoral and cellular immunity.
  • These findings provide a strong foundation for developing a PCV3 subunit vaccine.