Proteomic Signatures of Adiposomes Track Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction Following Bariatric Surgery.

Area of Science:

• Metabolic and Vascular Biology
• Proteomics
• Bariatric Surgery Research

Background:

• Adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (adiposomes) have distinct protein profiles in obese versus lean individuals.
• Understanding adiposome cargo changes post-bariatric surgery is crucial for elucidating metabolic improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate alterations in adiposomal protein cargo following sleeve gastrectomy.
• To determine the association between these proteomic changes and clinical improvements in obese adults.

Main Methods:

• Obese adults (n=23) underwent adipose tissue sampling before and 12 weeks after sleeve gastrectomy.
• Adiposomes were isolated, and their protein cargo analyzed using non-targeted proteomics.
• Clinical assessments included metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory markers.

Main Results:

• Sleeve gastrectomy led to decreased BMI, fat mass, and improved glucose/lipid profiles.
• Adiposomal proteomics revealed 138 significantly altered proteins, including downregulation of inflammatory mediators and upregulation of adiponectin.
• Proteomic changes correlated with improvements in lipid profiles, vascular function, and reduced inflammation.

Conclusions:

• Bariatric surgery induces significant remodeling of adiposome protein cargo.
• Adiposome proteomic changes reflect reduced inflammation and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to cardiometabolic improvements.