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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
10:13

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

CCR5+ CD8+ T Cells Are Associated with Poor Response to PD-1 Blockade Therapy.

Ziheng Zhao1, Yuwei Liu1, Zhaofei Wu1

  • 1NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High CCR5 expression on CD8+ T cells correlates with poor response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in cancers like lung cancer. This suggests the CCL3/4-CCR5 pathway impacts treatment effectiveness.

Keywords:
CCR5CD8+ T cellsPD-1 blockade therapyexhaustion

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In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function
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Published on: February 27, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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07:36

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Published on: June 12, 2021

In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function
08:04

In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function

Published on: February 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, show variable clinical efficacy.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind poor response to ICIs is crucial for improving cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of chemokine receptor transcriptomic features in CD8+ T cells associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy.
  • To identify potential molecular pathways contributing to ICI resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer.
  • Systematic profiling of chemokine receptor expression on CD8+ T cells from responsive and non-responsive patient cohorts.
  • Differential gene expression, cell-state scoring, pseudotime trajectory inference, and ligand-receptor interaction analyses.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CCR5 transcript expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was significantly associated with lower responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
  • CCR5+ CD8+ T cells displayed transcriptional signatures of increased exhaustion, reduced stemness, and advanced differentiation.
  • Ligand-receptor analysis predicted interactions between CCR5+ CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells, involving CCL3 and CCL4, which were elevated in non-responsive tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptomic profiles of CCR5+ CD8+ T cells are linked to poor clinical response to PD-1 blockade therapy.
  • The CCL3/4-CCR5 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for enhancing ICI efficacy and warrants further investigation.