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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Molecular Profiling of the Invasive Tumor Microenvironment in a 3-Dimensional Model of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Ex vivo Fibroblasts
10:33

Molecular Profiling of the Invasive Tumor Microenvironment in a 3-Dimensional Model of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Ex vivo Fibroblasts

Published on: April 29, 2014

Integrating Tumor Budding and the Invasive-Front Microenvironment in Colorectal Carcinoma: An Exploratory

Valeria Zuccalà1, Vincenzo Fiorentino1,2, Teresa Maria Martorana1

  • 1Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Neurotransmitter-Mediated Signaling in Glioblastoma and Glial Tumors: Biology and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Oncology research·2026

The invasive tumor front (ITF) in colorectal cancer (CRC) shows combined markers of tumor budding and microenvironment alterations. These factors correlate with aggressive features, suggesting the ITF

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The invasive tumor front (ITF) is a critical interface in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progression.
  • It involves complex interactions including epithelial changes, stromal activation, immune responses, and blood vessel growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if combining tumor budding with specific ITF microenvironmental markers can better identify aggressive features in non-metastatic CRC.
  • To assess the association between these combined markers and established clinicopathological indicators of CRC aggressiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 52 primary CRC samples from patients without distant metastasis.
  • Histopathological assessment of tumor budding (ITBCC 2016 criteria).
  • Immunohistochemical evaluation of stromal podoplanin, CD34 microvessel density, CD163/CD68 ratio, and CD117-positive mast cells.
Keywords:
angiogenesiscolorectal carcinomahistopathological scoreinvasive tumor frontmast cellsmicrovessel densitypodoplanintumor buddingtumor microenvironmenttumor-associated macrophages

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Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment
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Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: June 2, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Molecular Profiling of the Invasive Tumor Microenvironment in a 3-Dimensional Model of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Ex vivo Fibroblasts
10:33

Molecular Profiling of the Invasive Tumor Microenvironment in a 3-Dimensional Model of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Ex vivo Fibroblasts

Published on: April 29, 2014

Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment
06:05

Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: June 2, 2023

  • Generation of an integrated ITF microenvironment score (0-4) based on high expression of these markers.

    • Main Results:

    • High histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, high tumor budding, and node-positive disease were linked to significant microenvironmental alterations.
    • The integrated ITF score was significantly higher in CRCs with high grade, lymphovascular invasion, node positivity, and high tumor budding.
    • These findings indicate cumulative stromal, immune, and vascular remodeling at the invasive front in aggressive CRC.

    Conclusions:

    • The invasive tumor front (ITF) acts as an integrated histopathological compartment in colorectal cancer progression.
    • An integrated ITF score combining tumor budding and microenvironmental markers shows potential for characterizing aggressive CRC.
    • Further validation in larger, diverse cohorts is necessary before clinical application.