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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
09:29

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Published on: March 20, 2020

Beyond Molecular Classification in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Toward Subtype-Guided Precision

Leonel Pekarek1,2, Cielo García-Montero1,2, Carlos Casanova-Martin1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is not a single disease but a spectrum of subtypes. Understanding these distinct mTNBC subtypes is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
antibody–drug conjugatesbiomarkersmetastatic breast cancermolecular subtypesprecision oncologytriple-negative breast cancer

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
09:29

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Published on: March 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) presents significant therapeutic challenges due to its heterogeneity.
  • Traditional definitions based on receptor status fail to capture the biological complexity driving varied clinical behavior.
  • Distinct molecular subtypes of mTNBC have been identified, each with unique vulnerabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular classification and clinical behavior of mTNBC subtypes.
  • To integrate multi-dimensional aspects of tumor heterogeneity, including genomics, epigenetics, and immunology.
  • To discuss emerging tools for patient stratification and subtype-guided therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic data.
  • Analysis of immunologic, stromal, and biomechanical tumor characteristics.
  • Evaluation of emerging technologies like single-cell RNA sequencing and liquid biopsies.

Main Results:

  • mTNBC comprises diverse subtypes (e.g., BL1, BL2, M, MSL, IM, LAR) with distinct biological programs.
  • Subtype-guided therapeutic strategies are being evaluated in clinical trials (e.g., FUTURE trials).
  • Emerging tools show promise for refining patient stratification and treatment selection.

Conclusions:

  • Redefining mTNBC through biologically driven stratification is key for precision oncology.
  • Clinical implementation requires standardized methods, validated biomarkers, and accessible platforms.
  • Integrated characterization of distinct mTNBC entities is essential for improving outcomes.