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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation
09:49

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation

Published on: August 13, 2015

Intraperitoneal G-CSF Stimulation Achieves Human-like Neutrophil Levels in NSG Mice Without Inducing Systemic

Richard Elrod1,2, Yuqing Lu1,2, Christoph Brochhausen3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Repeated G-CSF administration in NSG mice significantly expands neutrophil counts to human-like levels without systemic inflammation. This optimized protocol enhances models for neutrophil-dependent diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Neutrophils are critical for innate immunity but are limited in murine models.
  • NSG mice are widely used for humanized immune system studies.
  • Systematic characterization of G-CSF effects in NSG mice is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate dose- and schedule-dependent effects of intraperitoneal G-CSF on neutrophil levels in NSG mice.
  • To establish a reproducible method for achieving human-like neutrophil counts in NSG mice.
  • To assess G-CSF impact on neutrophil activation and systemic inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Male NSG mice received G-CSF via intraperitoneal injection across five regimens, including controls.
  • Neutrophil quantification in circulation, bone marrow, and spleen.
Keywords:
G-CSFNSGgranulopoiesishumanized miceneutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)neutrophils

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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  • Assessment of neutrophil activation markers (NE activity, cfDNA) and cytokines.

    • Main Results:

    • Repeated G-CSF administration (three doses) induced a ~13-fold increase in circulating neutrophils, approaching human levels.
    • Significant neutrophil expansion occurred in blood and bone marrow with repeated dosing.
    • Single G-CSF doses showed limited or no significant neutrophil expansion; no systemic inflammation was detected.

    Conclusions:

    • Repeated intraperitoneal G-CSF administration is a validated strategy to achieve human-like neutrophil levels in NSG mice.
    • This method avoids inducing systemic inflammation, making it suitable for translational research.
    • The protocol offers direct utility for studying neutrophil-dependent diseases in humanized mouse models.