A Probiotic Mixture Neuralli™-CORE Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis by Enhancing Gut Microbiota Resilience in Mice

Maintenance of gut homeostasis is critical for overall health, as the gut microbiota plays a central role in regulating host metabolism, immune responses, and intestinal barrier integrity. Dysbiosis is closely associated with gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory diseases, yet the ability of probiotics to preserve microbial resilience under inflammatory stress remains incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of a multi-strain probiotic formulation, Neuralli^TM-CORE (CORE), using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Mice were pre-supplemented with CORE for two weeks prior to DSS exposure. CORE supplementation significantly reduced disease activity index, increased body weight, and partially recovered the colonic histopathological damage in DSS-treated mice. Cytokine profiling showed that CORE reduced circulating PTX2, CHI3L1, CXCL13, and MMP-2 levels, suggesting attenuation of inflammation and tissue remodeling. Microbiota analysis revealed that CORE did not fully prevent DSS-induced dysbiosis but attenuated the early decline in α-diversity and promoted re-emergence of specific microbial taxa, including Duncaniella and Muribaculum, members of the Muribaculaceae family, which are inversely associated with inflammation. Correlation analysis further linked these taxa to reduced colitis severity. Collectively, CORE attenuates DSS-induced colitis by improving inflammatory resolution, supporting mucosal recovery, and enhancing microbiota resilience.